(a) Feb 22, 2011 flooded street in Aranui suburb. Liquefaction is a process that temporarily turns firm ground into a liquid. The severity of the damage appears to be due to a combination of the earthquake coming from a previously unknown fault that runs beneath the city from the nearby Alpine fault, and the violence of the shaking because the city rests on damp sediments. 1. On 22 February 2011, Christchurch experienced a severe earthquake resulting in much loss of lives, destruction … and liquefaction. Understanding liquefaction vulnerability helps guide decisions about future land use and designing infrastructure and homes to manage risk. Led by Mary Comerio, UC Berkeley, and The process, which ejects water, sand and silt, has affected roughly half of Christchurch since September, with some areas inundated four times. Clock. In this study, multispectral satellite imagery after the February 22, 2011, Christchurch earthquake has been used to identify liquefaction occurrence following the event. The total economic loss caused by the 2010-2011 Christchurch earthquakes is currently estimated to be in the range between 25 and 30 Liquefaction caused by the 2010–11 Canterbury earthquakes created large holes in streets around Christchurch. (2002) with Boulanger The earthquake caused 182 fatalities,
collapse of two multi-storey reinforced concrete buildings, collapse or partial collapse of many unreinforced masonry structures including the historic Christchurch Cathedral. 3 minutes to read. EERI Special Earthquake Report — May 2011 From February 22 to March 19, 2011, deaths. Liquefaction Lab – Experiment with different scenarios to see how these impact liquefaction damage. Multiple deterministic liquefaction evaluation procedures were applied to each of the site investigation methods available at each SMS location. This paper focuses on the performance of potable water system of Christchurch during the 2010-2011 earthquakes and particularly examines the impacts of liquefaction on this pipe network during On 22 February 2011, Christchurch experienced a severe earthquake resulting in much loss of lives, destruction … and liquefaction. The Liquefaction Lab from Christchurch City Council is a great new tool that maps liquefaction vulnerability in different areas. About – How liquefaction occurs and its consequences. Introduction. "Liquefaction is a huge problem in Christchurch because the city is built on an alluvial plain, on sediments that are vulnerable to liquefaction," Clague said. Licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0 via Wikimedia Commons. But newer buildings were constructed in line with recently improved regulations that were expected to protect them from the worst shaking the city might encounter. Google Scholar Wed 23 Feb 2011 16.16 EST. Previous image | Gallery | 22 February 2011 (M W 6.2), 13 June (M W 5.6 and M W 6.0 separated by 80 minutes), and 23 December 2011 (M W 5.8 and M W 5.9 separated by 80 minutes). Liquefaction caused by the 2010–11 Canterbury earthquakes created large holes in streets around Christchurch. M 6.2 Christchurch Tue, Feb 22 2011. Jun 6, 2012 - Christchurch Earthquake mins after in my backyard, unbelievable Liquefaction is a process that temporarily turns firm ground into a liquid. Story. "You can't protect against everything, because it's simply too expensive. Introduction. Liquefaction repeatedly occurred, causing disruption to the city and recovery effort. Liquefaction did more damage than shaking: study. Liquefaction occurred here during both the Darfield (4 September 2010) and Christchurch (22 February 2011) Figure 1. 2 General geologic profile of shallow Christchurch soils indicating thickness of recent alluvial soils and water table depth along an east-west cross section (indicated in Figure 1) - "Liquefaction impacts in residential areas in the 2010-2011 Christchurch earthquakes" EERI Special Earthquake Report — May 2011 From February 22 to March 19, 2011, deaths. Aside from the need to wade through fresh pools of murky liquefaction and bits of broken building - the temperature after the quake dropped dramatically. 1. Liquefaction is a well known natural process in Christchurch following the 2010/2011 Canterbury earthquakes. Prediction of Liquefaction-Induced Settlement Feb 2011 Christchurch Earthquake (highest quality LIDAR measurement of settlements) Predictions exhibit strong bias Underpredict small settlement; overpredict large settlement True regardless of triggering model and D r –q c1ncs correlation eg, Zhang et al. Calculations were performed using the geometric mean of the horizontal PGA recorded at each SMS for the M w 7.1 2010 Darfield earthquake and the M w 6.2 2011 Christchurch earthquake. 5,301 Views. Misko Cubrinovski , a University of Canterbury geotechnical earthquake engineer, explains that liquefaction is the result of a solid medium – soil – turning into a fluid medium due to violent shaking. This paper General contextual maps about ground conditions across Christchurch such as land category, groundwater, surface elevation, historical or geomorphic features. Because of their strength and proximity to the city, the earthquakes caused tremendous physical damage and impacts on the people, natural and built environments of Christchurch. Building damage to the central city and eastern suburbs of Christchurch. Christchurch, New Zealand, brendon.bradley@canterbury.ac.nz ABSTRACT: In 2010 and 2011, the city of Christchurch (New Zealand) was hit by a sequence of strong, local and devastating earthquakes. In 2010 and 2011, Christchurch (New Zealand) was hit by a series of strong earthquakes that included four major events of moment magnitudes M w 5.9 to M w 7.1 (Canterbury Earthquake Sequence, CES). Liquefaction Lab – Experiment with different scenarios to see how these impact liquefaction damage. Licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0 via Wikimedia Commons. Finally, the characteristics of Christchurch liquefaction and its impacts on built environment are discussed in relation to the liquefaction-induced damage in Japan
during the 11 March 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake. Other notable earthquakes in this sequence were the 22 February 2011 M w 6.2 Christchurch earthquake, and the 13 June 2011 … 22 February 2011 (M W 6.2), 13 June (M W 5.6 and M W 6.0 separated by 80 minutes), and 23 December 2011 (M W 5.8 and M W 5.9 separated by 80 minutes). Note that the sequence of earthquakes started to the west of the city and then propagated to the south, south-east and east of the city through a set of separate but apparently interacting faults. The earthquake struck the Canterbury region in New Zealand's South Island and was centred 6.7 kilometres (4.2 mi) south-east of the centre of Christchurch, New Zealand's second-most populous city. Technical. Bexley was flooded with silt and water forced up through the weakened ground by liquefaction following the February 22, 2011, earthquake. Christchurch earthquake; earthquake damage; liquefaction; residential buildings; pipe networks, 40 - Engineering::4005 - Civil engineering::400506 - Earthquake engineering. It proved a very poor wardrobe choice. Watch the Webinar anytime you want! suburbs of Christchurch. Impacts of Christchurch Earthquake. The ground motions
generated by this earthquake were intense and in many parts of Christchurch substantially above the ground motions used to design the buildings in Christchurch. 24 February 2011 - Christchurch, New Zealand. 3. 1. John Clague, an expert in natural hazards at Simon Fraser University in British Columbia, said it was unclear what caused such serious damage to modern buildings, but said the answer could be the "liquefaction" of the ground when the shaking began. Because the ground loses its rigidity, buildings can be shaken far more violently. Impacts on the local environments Christchurch, February 22, 2011 earthquake anniversary: GNS scientists reflect on seismic event. A vulnerability map showing how liquefaction vulnerability varies across Christchurch. 1. I wore ballet flats, a dress. This paper focuses on the performance of potable water system of Christchurch during the 2010-2011 earthquakes and particularly examines the impacts of liquefaction on this pipe network during This paper discusses the liquefaction in residential areas and focuses on its impacts on dwellings
(residential houses) and potable water system in the Christchurch suburbs. Christchurch City Council. Liquefaction, sand volcanoes and vast quantities of grey sandy silt became the scourge of Christchurch on February 22, bubbling out of the ground during the … The city of Christchurch and some surrounding towns experienced widespread damage due to seismically induced liquefaction during the 2010–2011 Canterbury Earthquake Sequence (CES), beginning in 4 September 2010 with the M w 7.1 Darfield earthquake. Image courtesy of Mark Lincoln. Though the government supplied money for those who were fired, businesses that needed re … Misko Cubrinovski , a University of Canterbury geotechnical earthquake engineer, explains that liquefaction is the result of a solid medium – soil – turning into a fluid medium due to violent shaking. Building damage to the central city and eastern suburbs of Christchurch. "Sink holes and liquefaction North New Brighton Feb 2011" by Martin Luff - Flickr: Sink holes and liquefaction North New Brighton. The 2011 earthquakes in Christchurch, New Zealand were devastating in many ways, liquefaction being one of them. Liquefaction lapped the salon door and holes in the road had to be dodged when driving. ... liquefaction occurred in many parts of Christchurch. July 28, 2020. The ground conditions of Christchurch including the depositional history of soils, their composition, age and groundwater regime are first discussed. Tokyo, Japan: One Year after 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake: International Symposium on Engineering Lessons Learned from the Giant Earthquake, 3-4 Mar 2012. Video: Soil liquefaction: Dr. Ellen Rathje uses a model to demonstrate and explain soil liquefaction. Christchurch is shaken to pieces by the latest and most devastating. "When shaken, these sediments transform into a liquid, causing irregular settlement of the ground, which is extremely damaging to buildings and buried structures, like water lines.". Most earthquake damage is caused by ground shaking. 20 km of Christchurch (GeoNet, 2012), and up to ten of these larger events are known to have induced liquefaction (Quigley et al. Fig. The shaking rearranges sand and silt grains in wet soil underground and the water between the grains is squeezed. "But even if they'd known about the fault, they wouldn't have been sure it would produce such strong shaking, so they might have still underestimated what actually occurred. Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo Bulletin of ERS, No. After each major earthquake, comprehensive field investigations and inspections were conducted to document the liquefaction-induced land damage, lateral spreading displacements and their impacts
on buildings and infrastructure. The findings support a report issued by the Environment Ministry which concluded that no Christchurch subdivision approved since 1977 took account of liquefaction. Jun 6, 2012 - Christchurch Earthquake mins after in my backyard, unbelievable Much of the damage experienced in New Zealand during the 2011 Christchurch earthquake was caused by liquefaction. The city of Christchurch and some surrounding towns experienced widespread damage due to seismically induced liquefaction during the 2010–2011 Canterbury Earthquake Sequence (CES), beginning in 4 September 2010 with the M w 7.1 Darfield earthquake. (2012) Liquefaction impacts in residential areas in the 2010-2011 Christchurch earthquakes. The city of Christchurch experienced a major earthquake centred south of the city; severe damage and casualties occurred. Accessed March 8, 2011. U.S. Geological Survey (n.d.) Shake Map: South Island of New Zealand. During the Canterbury earthquakes of September 2010 and February 2011, liquefaction caused silt and fine sand to boil up and bury streets and gardens and caused buildings and vehicles to sink. Previous image | Gallery | This issue has been thrust to the forefront, as a result of the devastating effects of liquefaction on the built environment in Christchurch, following the 2010/2011 Canterbury earthquake sequence. Christchurch Earthquake - Car in Liquefaction. The image has multi-spectral bands with approximately 2 m spatial resolution in addition to the panchromatic band with approximately 50 cm spatial resolution. The liquefaction affected 60,000 residential buildings (properties), large number of CBD buildings, and the lifelines and infrastructure over approximately one third of the city area. If you have an earthquake that has a 90% chance of not being exceeded in 50 years, the authorities might say that's an acceptable risk, we can live with that. Liquefaction is when shaking or stess causes something like soil, sand or silt to act like liquid. As shown
in Figure 1, the causative faults of the earthquakes were very close to or within the city boundaries thus generating very strong ground motions and causing tremendous damage throughout the city. In Petobo village, Palu city, Central Sulawesin. Liquefaction-induced flooding impacts. Liquefaction Damage, Christchurch, February 2011. Christchurch is shown as a lighter colour area, and its Central Business District (CBD) is marked with
a white square area in the figure. 5. The earthquake damage to modern buildings in Christchurch caught many experts by surprise and suggests the city was more prone to destructive tremors than local planners realised. It started out quite summery, the 22nd February 2011. (a) General geology and active faults of the Canterbury region. During the June 2011 aftershock, high levels (approx. This car toppled into a hole near Shortland Street in the suburb of Aranui following the 22 February 2011 earthquake. Officials will now inspect buildings and draw up an inventory of damage. Christchurch, February 22, 2011 earthquake anniversary: GNS scientists reflect on seismic event. Accessed March 8, 2011. ", He added: "Experts have been surprised that the town itself has been hit.". Loose, sandy soils behave like a liquid as water is forced up to the surface. However, the M w6.2, 22 February 2011 Christchurch earthquake was the most damaging event, due to the close proximity of its rupture plane to Christchurch, resulting in 185 fatalities and causing widespread lique- You are invited to watch the webinar and read all questions given to the speaker, followed by his answers. "Sink holes and liquefaction North New Brighton Feb 2011" by Martin Luff - Flickr: Sink holes and liquefaction North New Brighton. Liquefaction occurred here during both the Darfield (4 September 2010) and Christchurch (22 February 2011) Figure 1. 5. GNS Science New Zealand stated that this earthquake was technically an aftershock of the 2010 Christchurch earthquake. Widespread liquefaction in a team organized by the Earthquake Engineering Research Institute (EERI) and the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research (PEER) Center investigated the effects of the Christchurch earthquake. The killer Christchurch earthquake, which claimed 185 lives 10 … Cubrinovski, M., Henderson, D., Bradley, B.A. Liquefaction impacts on the potable water system of Christchurch is also briefly summarized including correlation between the damage to the system, liquefaction severity, and the
performance of different pipe materials. The following movies are of flooding and sandblows from the February 2011 Christchurch NZ, 6.3 earthquake: The consequences to structures and utilities of earthquake-induced liquefaction include: 1) Non-uniform and differential settlement of structures often resulting in cracking. Photograph: Christchurch Press/Reuters. The total economic loss caused by the 2010-2011 Christchurch earthquakes is currently estimated to be in the range between 25 and 30 More recently soil liquefaction was largely responsible for extensive damage to residential properties in the eastern suburbs and satellite townships of Christchurch, New Zealand during the 2010 Canterbury earthquake and more extensively again following the Christchurch earthquakes that followed in early and mid-2011. Widespread and very severe liquefaction affected many of the city suburbs and its central business district. Details. Maurice Lamontagne, a seismologist at the Geological Survey of Canada, said: "What surprised me most was not seeing the damage to masonry buildings like the cathedral's bell-tower but to see new concrete buildings crumbling down. Liquefaction is the process which causes soil to behave more like a liquid than a solid during an earthquake. 2010-2011 Christchurch earthquakes is estimated to be in the range between 25 and 30 billion NZ dollars (or 15% to 18% of New Zealand’s GDP). GNS Science (2011, February 25) February 22nd earthquake in Christchurch. 2013). Liquefaction features and the geologic environment in which they formed were carefully studied at two sites near Lincoln in southwest Christchurch. Continuous observational monitoring of a study site in eastern Christchurch, New Zealand, following the 2010 M w 7.1 Darfield earthquake has recorded ten distinct liquefaction episodes in the mainshock–aftershock sequence. History. Earthquake maps showing observations from the 2010-2011 Canterbury earthquakes. A natural hazard, which Councils are now paying particular attention to, is liquefaction prone land. This car toppled into a hole near Shortland Street in the suburb of Aranui following the 22 February 2011 earthquake. Cubrinovski, M., Henderson, D., Bradley, B.A. Accessed March 8, 2011. (b) June 13, 2011 flooded property in Aranui suburb. A new interactive online tool will help people better understand how the ground may respond in an earthquake. New Zealand Herald (2011, February ) Christchurch earthquake: Levels of liquefaction 300-500 pc worse. Led by Mary Comerio, UC Berkeley, and The Central Business District (CBD) of Christchurch, which is the central heart of the city just east of Hagley Park, was practically lost with majority of its 3,000 buildings being damaged beyond repair. Some buildings will be written off and torn down, while others will be repairable or declared safe for immediate occupation. Video: What is liquefaction? Liquefaction occurs when soil loses strength and stiffness due to earthquake shaking. damaged by liquefaction during the 2011 Christchurch, New Zealand, earthquake. Had bare legs. Detailed liquefaction maps illustrating the extent and severity of
liquefaction across Christchurch triggered by the sequence of earthquakes including multiple episodes of severe re-liquefaction are next presented. However, the M w6.2, 22 February 2011 Christchurch earthquake was the most damaging event, due to the close proximity of its rupture plane to Christchurch, resulting in 185 fatalities and causing widespread lique- JavaScript is disabled for your browser. Accessed March 8, 2011. Introduction. Some features of this site may not work without it. Other notable earthquakes in this sequence were the 22 February 2011 M w 6.2 Christchurch earthquake, and the 13 June 2011 … The cathedral and many other old brick buildings were known to be vulnerable to shaking and some had been weakened by the magnitude 7 earthquake that struck more than 25 miles outside the city six months ago. The total economic loss caused by the 2010-2011 Christchurch earthquakes is currently estimated to be in the range between 25 and 30 billion NZ dollars (or 15% to 18% of New Zealand’s GDP). In the period between September 2010 and December 2011, Christchurch (New Zealand) and its surroundings were hit by a series of strong earthquakes including six significant events, all generated
by local faults in proximity to the city: 4 September 2010 (Mw=7.1), 22 February 2011 (Mw=6.2), 13 June 2011 (Mw=5.3 and Mw=6.0) and 23 December 2011 (M=5.8 and (M=5.9) earthquakes. (2012) Liquefaction impacts in residential areas in the 2010-2011 Christchurch earthquakes. 2010-2011 Christchurch earthquakes is estimated to be in the range between 25 and 30 billion NZ dollars (or 15% to 18% of New Zealand’s GDP).